South african maize corn description 5 south africa is the main maize producer in the sacu, with an average production of approximately 10 to 12 million tons per annum over the past ten years. North west maize is the most important grain crop in southern africa and prices are dramatically influenced by any indication of under or over production. Siq with additional data from agbiz grain on the regional boundary specifications created a software package based on an open source gis package qgis. Whilst the south african weather services saws has released a statement indicating that the 2015 calendar year, has been the year with the lowest rainfall within 112 years in south africa as the average rainfall reached was only 403 mm in comparison to the longterm average of 608 mm landbouweekblad, 2016. The 201819 maize production prospects of south africas. Maize is the second large crop produced in south africa after sugar cane.
Maize can be processed into a variety of food and industrial products, including starch, sweeteners, oil, beverages, glue, industrial alcohol, and fuel ethanol. About 60% of maize produced in south africa is white and the other 40 % is yellow maize. It seeks to deliver high quality hybrid seed with improved yield in low fertility environments. Challenges and opportunities in maize production omnia. Half of the production consists of white maize, for human food consumption. The fight of maize against climate change and drought 42 maize yield is dramatically decreased by drought 43. It is an important grain crop in south africa and can be grown under diverse environmental conditions. Physiology of maize chapter 5 maize cudtivation chapter chapter chapter. Therefore, if south africa s 201819 maize production could amount to at least 8. The region covers kwazulunatal, free state, mpumalanga and north west provinces. Maize production in rsa from 20072008 to 20172018 graph 2 3.
Below you will find the last recordings for the indicator. Printed and published in the republic of south africa by the national department of agriculture and obtainable from the resource centre directorate communication private bag x144 pretoria 0001 isbn 186871019x. The key message from these numbers is that south africa s maize market will be well supplied in the 20182019 marketing year which started on 01 may 2018 and will end on 30 april 2019. To localize the production of maize meal and thereby cut down on the production.
Finally, the study concluded by advocating adequate market with good stable prices for maize farmers products that would enhance maize production in the study area and the country at large. Yields are highest in intensive, temperatezone production systems, such as the us corn belt and western europe, followed by regions in china, argentina, and south africa. South africas largest maize crop in history brand south africa. Introduction maize zea mays l is the most important and most widely distributed cereal in the world after wheat and rice. Adapting maize production to climate change in subsaharan africa. Although one of the largest maize crops in the history of south african farming will be harvested in 2010, farmers struggle with prices. World leaders in corn maize production, by country.
Land suitability evaluation for maize zea mays production. Production oluwaseyi samuel olanrewaju and olubukola oluranti babalola food security and safety niche area, faculty of natural science and agriculture, northwest university, mmabatho 2735, south africa correspondence. Smith is an invasive pest species that threatens maize production by small holder farmers in africa. Seasonal maize yield simulations for south africa using a multi. In africa, maize production is continuously and severely affected by a number of threats, such as weeds.
Local maize market south african maize prices did come under some pressure in the past week with july white and yellow maize contracts ending 0. Materials and methods the study area the study areas lie between latitude 7 23 and 07o 44n and longitude 008 9e and 009o 12e and covered an estimated area of 24 hectares each farming community or area consists of 200m x 300m 6000 2m plots. Maize markets in eastern and southern africa food and. Maize production manual is another interesting and detailed handbook from south africa s department of agriculture. Approximately 8,0 million tons of maize grain are produced in south africa annually on approximately 3,1 million ha of land.
Maize needs 450 to 600 mm of water per season, which is mainly acquired from the soil moisture reserves. April period indicate that the cumulative amount of rainfall is likely to be average, underpinning the favourable expectations for maize yields in 2020. Regions 1 to 9 are winter rainfall areas and those regions fall under western cape, eastern cape as well as karoo. Ranking of statistics maize production tons the 5 highest records for sovereign countries 1 per country since 1961. Zambia has one of the most stable and favourable natural climates in southern africa for growing maize. Almost 90% of maize in south africa is produced under dry land condition and the remaining 10 % is produced under irrigated conditions. Understanding maize production part 1 farmers weekly. In 1904, south africa produced 328,000 tonnes of maize. In subsaharan africa,ssa maize is the most important cereal crop and staple food for about 1. On average however, zambia has been producing more and more maize every year for the last eight years.
Overall, production of maize in 2020 is forecast at a near. Maize production, economic analysis, peasant farmers. Titterton department of animal science, university of zimbabwe april 2002. We show the possible impacts on maize production in africa and latin america to 2055, using highresolution methods to generate characteristic daily weather data for driving a detailed simulation model of the maize crop. Subtropical troughs, midlatitude frontal systems and tropical. The effects of cultivar and prophylactic fungicide spray. The area of harvested maize was forecast to be 87 million acres. Droughts and occasional floods along some of zambias main rivers do occur which can impact national maize production negatively. Field trials were conducted during 20102011 and 20112012 in six diverse maize production areas of south africa to study the efficacy of an existing prophylactic fungicide regime for the control of. Maize is produced throughout south africa with free state, mpumalanga and north west provinces being the largest producers, accounting for approximately 84% of total production. South africa could expect its largest maize crop in the countrys history, said the crop estimates committee of the department of agriculture, forestry and fisheries daff. South africa agriculture market size share analysis. The most adequate moment for harvest of maize during the vegetation is the so called wax ripening phase of the maize grain.
The ancient egyptians brewed beer and tribes throughout the african continent also brewed beer long before any european settlers brought their brewing techniques to africa. Maize production in south africa has increased in the recent past. These are secondary, carcinogenic metabolites and have been reported on maize worldwide. Institute of crop sciences, chinese academy of agricultural. Efficacy of bt maize for control of spodoptera frugiperda. Forage production and conservation manual growing and ensiling annual and perennial forage crops suited to marginal and semiarid areas of southern africa o. The crop estimates committee cec has left its forecast for maize unchanged but expects south africa s wheat production to increase by nearly 18% from last seasons harvest. It covers kzn, fs, mp, and nw provinces, see figure1. White maize is biologically and genetically very similar to yellow maize, although there is a difference in appearance due to the absence of carotin oil pigments in the kernel which otherwise cause the yellow colour of the grain.
South african food crops dominate the agricultural market in the region. Overall, south african maize production underwent some extraordinary changes over the past century. Maize corn is the most important food crop in southern africa. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Pdf climate change awareness in mpumalanga province, south. The introduction and spread of maize in africa cambridge core.
The presence of a dark colored layer at the base of the maize grain is also an indicator for the appropriate time of harvest for silage production. Decline in soil fertility and expensive chemical fertilisers affect maize production by these farmers. The crop is produced in all the provinces of south africa, but the most significant producing regions are the free state, gauteng, mpumalanga and the northwest provinces, accounting for roughly 87 percent of overall production. Important weeds in maize article university of pretoria. South africa could harvest the second biggest maize crop. The largest maize producers in western africa are nigeria and.
Jun 15, 2017 south africa is expecting its largest maize crop in history in 2017, says the department of agriculture. In 2017, south african maize production was 17,5 million tons, an alltime record for the country. White and yellow maize production estimates were revised up by 2% and 4% from the previous estimates. South africa and nigeria offer the best examples in ssa of the potential for soybean production and use. The summer rainfall pattern across the three rainfed maize production regions is induced by the southward movement of. According to crop estimates committee cec, the maize production in africa has increased by 6% during the 201819 cropping season, when compared to the previous cropping season. There are 36 grain production regions in south africa. Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced primarily by fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum on maize. Predicted climate change scenarios in maizegrowing regions of subsaharan africa. Maize was widely grown along the coast from the river gambia to sao tome, around the mouth of the river congo, and possibly in ethiopia, in the sixteenth century. South africa could harvest the second biggest maize crop on. Schlenker w, lobell db 2010 robust negative impacts of climate change on african agriculture. The global maize production trend shows that although 68 percent of the global maize area is in the, developing world, only 46 percent of the world s maize production is grown there. Mar 14, 2018 maize is produced in all the provinces of south africa, but the most significant producing regions are the free state, gauteng, mpumalanga and the northwest provinces.
South africa stretches between the 22nd and 34th degrees of southern latitude and. Production function analysis of the sensitivity of maize production to climate change in south africa by lwandle mqadi submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree msc agric agricultural economics in the department of agricultural economics, extension, and rural development faculty of natural and agricultural sciences. Maasdorp department of crop science, university of zimbabwe m. The shifting structure of production during the twentieth century, 19042015 jan c. History, current status, and prospects of soybean production. Bacterial consortium for improved maize zea mays l. Localizing food production in south africa homegrown micro maize milling a fabcos initiative.
Pdf the benefits of recent warming for maize production in high. Half of this consists of white maize for human food consumption. South africa is divided into 36 grain production regions. Variability of satellite derived phenological parameters. South americas maize market is projected to witness a cagr 4. Maize revolutions in sub saharan africa melinda smale, derek byerlee x, and thom jayne melinda smale and thom jayne are with michigan state university and the tegemeo institute of agricultural policy and development, egerton university, kenya. Study area the study area includes the northeastern part of south africa between longitude 22 e to 33 e and latitude 32 s to 24 s. Maize farming and production business is worth a try.
Maize production, trend analysis, ecological zone, lesotho. International science and technology practice and policy instepp center, university of minnesota, st. Do row spacing and plant density influence maize productivity under reduced tillage. The potential impacts of climate change on maize production. Maize was probably introduced to tropical africa at more than one point and at different times. Pdf latitudes above 45n have been characterized by rates of warming. Greyling department of agricultural economics, stellenbosch university, south africa. South africa is a highly dualistic economy characterised by high productivity modern on one hand and low productivity informal on the. Soybean production has increased dramatically, from 84,000 t in 1987 to 1,320,000 t in 2016 in south africa and from 40,000 t in 1987 to 680,000 t in 2016 in nigeria. Approximately 1012 million tons of maize is produced in south africa annually on moreorless 2. Maize is the most important food crop, followed by wheat and barley. The objective of this prospectus is to answer as many of your questions as possible in a brief, but succinct manner and to provide you with relevant information about the south african maize industry and pointers as to the. It is estimated that more than 9 000 producers are responsible for the bulk of the south african crop, while the.
This was not the case in the past five to six decades, lesotho was exporting large amount of maize to south africa for both home consumption and its maize industry, obtaining foreign exchange earnings hunter, 1978. About 56% of this could be white maize, with 44% being yellow maize. Insect resistant maize was planted in 2000, herbicide tolerant soybeans in 2001, and herbicide tolerant maize in 2003. About spta the seed production technology for africa spta project aims to improve access to high purity, modern maize hybrids, thus improving the livelihoods of resource constrained maize farming households in subsaharan africa.
The cec released its first official production estimate for winter grains on 28 august. Maize remains the staple food for many household diets in south africa, especially in rural communities. The aim of producing this cereal crop is to obtain high yields. Its a wellwritten manual and full of great information for beginners. Although the minimum temperature for germination is 10c. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Future warming increases probability of globally synchronized. Current maize production, postharvest losses and the risk of. South africa will regain its status as a net exporter of maize this season. The ease with which maize can be dried, stored, and transported has made it a major source of energy for animal food and. Grain sa, 2014 successful cultivation of maize depends largely on. A case study is presented where the production of drought tolerant maize varieties in eastern and southern africa esa was scaled up to enable farmers access to improved varieties.
Production conditions and cultivation methods are largely identical. In the last 10 years, the use of maize for fuel production significantly increased, accounting for approximately 40% of the maize production in the united states. Given the shortfall of national production as compared to an increasing demand. Africa, traditional brewing in, has a long history. Twothirds of all africa maize come from eastern and southern africa verheye, 2010. See fuller discussion under local business environment heading. Application of artificial neural network for predicting maize. Evaluation of agroforestry systems for maize zea mays. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption peter ranum, 1 juan pablo penarosas. List of maize corn companies over 31 in south africa. Bt maize that express cry proteins have been used effectively for control of this pest in the united states, canada, and several countries in south america.
Maize is produced mostly on dry land although there is less than 10% that is produced under irrigation. In proceedings of a workshop jointly organized by the association for the advancement of agricu1tur1 sciences in africa and the international institute of tropical agriculture. In south africa, maize was first introduced in 1655 and has since become one of the dominant food crops. Soil preparation and planting i seed preparation ii planting and population density 7. Rayc adepartment of atmospheric sciences, university of washington, seattle, wa 98195. Maize harvest prospects unchanged but wheat better than. Based on conditions as of august 2016, the expected yield would be the highest ever for the united states. Declining corn production in western highveld, south africa. Pdf climate variability and maize yield in south africa. Production areas include the north coast, liverpool plains, northwest. We believe that total maize exports could at least reach 2. Decline in soil fertility and expensive chemical fertilisers affect maize production by. It is a summer crop, mostly grown in semi arid regions of the country.
South africa is currently the main maize producer on the african continent with most production concentrated in the north west province, the free state, the mpumalanga highveld and the kwazulunatal midlands. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption. South african maize yields is established by forcing the ceresmaize model with observed weather. Nov 26, 2015 sa maize production figures vary from season to season, but generally about eight million tons of maize grain are produced annually in south africa on 3,1 million hectares. The noncommercial production, which is subsistence farming, accounts for a 6% share in the estimated harvest of.
History of maize production in south africa 1 min read. In 2016, maize production was forecast to be over 15 billion bushels, an increase of 11% over 2014 american production. These provinces account for approximately 83% of the total maize production for south africa. Yellow maize is mostly used for animal feed production while the white maize is primarily for human consumption. The study area covers the northeastern part of south africa between longitude 22 e to 33 e and latitude 32 s to 24 s.
Other world leaders in maize production include china 18%, the eu 7%, brazil 6%, the balkan area 3%, and mexico where maize is generally agreed to have originated 3%, argentina, india, and south africa 2% each. The trend of maize production is not well documented using appropriate analytical tools, hence this study is. Future warming increases probability of globally synchronized maize production shocks michelle tigchelaara,1, david s. Climate variability and maize yield in south africa. Dent corn dent corn is farm animals and more gluten of kernel. Currently almost half of the production consists of white maize, for human food consumption source. The least talked about story of the eastern cape province is that it produces a third of south africa s fresh milk and wool, respectively. Maize requires between 450mm and 600mm of water per season, mainly acquired from soil moisture reserves. Maize, a warmweather crop, forms part of the daily diet as a staple food for human consumption and livestock feed in rural communities. Maize constitutes about 70 percent of grain production and covers abou t 60 percent of the cropping area in south africa.
Modern maize is estimated to represent more than threequarters of maize area in kenya, zimbabwe, swaziland, lesotho, and south africa. Biotechnological innovations are needed to secure maize production in africa 40 bt maize is only commercially available in south africa 40 resistance against striga and maize streak virus 41 chapter 5. Successful maize production depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural production. Presentday maize yields vary widely across the globe, depending on the regional climate and crop management system.
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